Iridium-catalyzed asymmetric ring opening of azabicyclic alkenes by amines

The enantioselective ring-opening reactions of azabicyclic alkenes with primary and secondary aromatic amine nucleophiles are reported using an iridium catalyst generated in situ from 1.5 mol % of [Ir(COD)Cl](2) and 3 mol % of (S)-BINAP. The reaction affords the corresponding trans-1,2-diamine derivatives in moderate to good yields with moderate to high enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee). The trans-configuration of the 1,2-diamino product 2g was confirmed by X-ray crystallography.     

One‐Pot Formation of Large Macrocycles with Modifiable Peripheries and Internal Cavities

The shape of things to come : Aromatic oligohydrazide macrocycles with planar backbones enforced by three‐center hydrogen bonds are formed in high yield from monomeric diacid chlorides and dihydrazides. Macrocycles consisting of six meta‐linked pyridine and benzene residues have an internal cavity of about 10 Å diameter, while those with alternating meta‐ and para‐linked benzene residues are larger and contain multiple convergent sites (see picture).

     

The Transformation Operator I of Nonliear Evolution Equations

In this paper, the equivalence of two classes of nonlinear evolution equations is proved by introducing the transformation operator S and its inverse operator S^-1. By the transformation operator S, some properties of one class of these equations, such as the infinite number of conserved quantities, Backlund transformations, etc, are deduced from the corresponding known properties of its equivalent class.     

干涉理论对bottle beam的描述

对轴棱锥产生的贝塞尔光聚焦特性的描述，我们提出一种有别于惠更斯-菲涅耳衍射积分理论的解析表达.这种解析表达基于干涉理论的基础，它能够模拟计算出聚焦透镜置于最大准直距离之外以及在聚焦透镜焦平面以后的光束行为，能够更好地描述bottle beam的形成过程，这些结果用衍射积分理论是得不到的.我们还得到了与Wei用几何光学分析所得出的当z_0max将产生hollow beam的不同结论.所有理论计算结果都得到实验的有力验证. 关键词： bottle beam 贝塞尔光 轴棱锥 光镊     

改进的同步迭代算法在光声血管成像中的应用

光声成像结合了光学成像和声学成像的优点，是一种高分辨率，高对比度的无损伤医学成像技术.一种改进的同步迭代算法应用于光声图像重建.仿真和模拟结果表明，与传统的代数迭代算法相比，在90°，135°，180°的有限场光声成像中，此算法对测量误差的校正和迭代次数的收敛上具有较大的优势，图像重建的速度和成像质量都有了明显的提高.实验中，一种圆形扫描结构的光声成像装置，用于180°的有限场扫描，利用改进的同步迭代算法，重建出了高对比度和高分辨率（60μm）的鸡胚胎光声血管图像.实验证明，这种算法的应用，大幅度减少了数据采集时间，为光声成像技术运用于实时监测血流灌注和肿瘤光动力治疗的血管损伤效应提供了潜在的应用价值. 关键词： 光声成像 有限角度 代数迭代算法 光声血管成像     

高压下ZnS的电子结构和性质

运用密度泛函理论体系下的平面波赝势(PWP)和广义梯度近似(GGA)方法，计算研究了闪锌矿结构的ZnS晶体在不同的外界压强下的电子结构. 通过分析发现，随着外界压强的增大，晶格常数和键长在不断缩小，从S原子向Zn原子转移的电荷越来越少，Zn—S键的共价性逐渐增强，Zn原子和S原子的态密度都有不同程度的变化，而且还有向低能量移动的趋势. 当外界压强达到24GPA时，ZnS从直接带隙半导体变成间接带隙半导体，而且随着压强的增大，间接带隙逐渐变小，直接带隙逐渐增大. 关键词： 闪锌矿结构 态密度 能带结构 密度泛函理论     

fcc solid solution alloy films formed in immiscible Fe-Ag system and their mechanical behaviors

Fe-Ag alloy films were deposited by magnetron sputtering. Fe K edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) was performed by synchrotron radiation to evidence the structure of the films. Annealing experiments were carried out to study their stability. The hardness and elastic modulus were measured by nanoindentation. The experimental and calculated XANES spectra both reveal that Fe atoms replace part of Ag atoms and supersaturated fcc Ag (Fe) solid solution alloy films are formed up to 38 at.% Fe. The solid solutions are stable and begin to precipitate at 400 °C The elastic modulus increases with the increase of Fe concentration and satisfies the rule of mixtures. The hardness of the as-deposited alloy film is larger than that calculated based on the rule of mixtures. The mechanism responsible for the enhancement of the hardness is discussed in terms of Labusch model of solid solution hardening.     

Nonclassical state via superposition of two coherent states (π/2 out of phase) and related entangled states

Nonclassical features of the superposition of two coherent states which are π/2 out of phase are discussed, such as sub-Poissonian photon statistics and quadrature squeezing, as well as negativity of the Wigner function. Special nonclassicality is found in the special state where the relative phase of superposition has relationship with the average photon number. The analysis of the amount of entanglement is also presented for the related two-mode entangled coherent states.     

Pigment epithelium-derived factor protects retinal ganglion cells

Background  

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are responsible for the transmission of visual signals to the brain. Progressive death of RGCs occurs in glaucoma and several other retinal diseases, which can lead to visual impairment and blindness. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a potent antiangiogenic, neurotrophic and neuroprotective protein that can protect neurons from a variety of pathologic insults. We tested the effects of PEDF on the survival of cultured adult rat RGCs in the presence of glaucoma-like insults, including cytotoxicity induced by glutamate or withdrawal of trophic factors.     

Surface oxidation behavior of MgNd alloys

The oxidation kinetics of MgNd alloys oxidized in pure O₂ at high temperatures has been investigated. The results revealed two stages of the reaction: A fast initial oxidation was followed by a slow oxide growth with a parabolic kinetics. For MgNd alloys (Nd = 25 wt.%), the oxidation rate increased with the enhancement of the oxidation temperature. A sudden ignition was found for this alloys oxidized at 873 K up to about 80 min. Moreover, the increase of the Nd content would harm the oxidation resistance of the MgNd alloys. By Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, it was found that a triplex structure of oxide film formed. The outer layer was composed of MgO, Nd₂O₃ and Nd(OH)₃, the middle layer mainly consisted of MgO and Nd₂O₃, and the inner layer was the transitional layer made of MgO, Nd₂O₃ and the content of the substrate. The protective oxidation was associated with the formation of the dense Nd₂O₃/MgO layer during isothermal oxidation process. The oxidation mechanisms for the formation of oxide film are discussed.